#include "GPU"

C9 Lectures: Mahmoud Saleh - Advanced CRT Part1

2011-12-10T17:33:00.000+09:00

C9 Lectures: Mahmoud Saleh - Advanced CRT Part2

2011-12-10T17:32:00.001+09:00

Langkawi, July 2011

2011-12-10T17:20:00.002+09:00

It's wonderful island.

Ultimate Ears UE 400 vi

2011-12-10T17:11:00.001+09:00

My new earphone for iPhone!

Unreal Engine 3 Samaritan Real-Time Demo

2011-03-16T09:39:00.004+09:00

It's REAL....

Intel HD Graphics DirectX Developer's Guide

2011-02-24T08:59:00.001+09:00

Intel published documentation for How to maximize graphics performance on Intel® microarchitecture code name Sandy Bridge.

You can see detailed contents in the below.

DirectX Developer's Guide

GPU Pro2 is Released!

2011-02-21T10:24:00.002+09:00

GPU Pro2 is released on Amazon.com.

Buy GPU Pro2 on Amazon

GPU / CPU Profiling Tools

2011-02-15T14:30:00.004+09:00

As I mentioned before, the game was successfully launched a few weeks ago.

And, these days I'm focusing more on improving performance to the game client.

So, today I want to list up GPU/CPU profiling Tools for checking bottlenecks in CPU sides and GPU sides.

* GPU Profiler

NVIDIA PerfHUD

ATI GPU PerfStudio 2

Microsoft PIX
If you installed DX SDK, PIX was also automatically installed with SDK.

* CPU Profiler

Intel® VTune™ Amplifier XE

AMD CodeAnalyst Performance Analyzer
Can be integrated within Visual Studio 2003, 2005 and 2010

Activision Blizzard has disbanded Guitar Hero Biz Unit and lay off 500

2011-02-10T10:08:00.005+09:00

According to wednesday anounces of Activision Blizzard, they has disbaned Guitar Hero Business Unit and Lay off 500 employees. They were much more viciously than I expect.

Gamasutra News

Paradise Island!!! It's Hawaii!!!

2011-02-05T21:04:00.006+09:00

It's very delicious Thai food at the Honolulu airport. I took this food during waiting time for transfer to Maui Island.

Maui fairmont Resort that I stayed.

It's sunrise at Haleakala! I woke up at AM 2:30 and I drove almost 2 hours to see sunrise. I can't never forget a number of stars in the sky!!! I feel so sorry I can't show you guys the beautiful stars. I could't take pictures....

And this is beach in fron of the Hotel at sunset.

It's my favorite food in Hawaii! The food sold on truck in north area of island and it's very popular. So I should waited over 20 minutes for it but I think It deserves to wait for the time!

It's on the top of a Diamond Head and You can see Waikiki Beach behind me!!!

I've been to Hawaii last September and I still miss it. I wanna visit to Hawaii again in this year, if I could.

AMD Presents OpenCL Univ. kit

2011-01-30T21:31:00.005+09:00

AMD presents the OpenCL University Kit, a set of materials for teaching a full semester course in OpenCL programming. The curriculum of opencl lecture is like below.

Lecture 1: Introduction to Parallel Computing
Lecture 2: Introduction to OpenCL
Lecture 3: Introduction to OpenCL, continued
Lecture 4: GPU Architecture
Lecture 5: OpenCL Buffers and Complete Examples
Lecture 6: Understanding GPU Memory
Lecture 7: GPU Threads and Scheduling
Lecture 8: Optimizing Performance
Lecture 9: OpenCL Programming and Optimization Case Study
Lecture 10: OpenCL Extensions
Lecture 11: Events Timing and Profiling
Lecture 12: Debugging
Lecture 13: Programming Multiple Devices

AMD OpenCL Univ. Kit

And you can see open GPU lectures listing in universities of the world. See link below site!

GPU Course Listing in the Univ. of World

San Francisco and Lake Tahoe

2011-01-30T15:56:00.009+09:00

I've been to SF and Lake Tahoe in last spring to visit GDC 2010. And now I've uploaded some pictures of the place. I will update great pictures more in near time.

Here is Lake Tahoe!

It's a beautiful street in Lake Tahoe Village. It's March, but there was still heavy snow. Lake Tahoe is very famous with Ski because of the snow.

It's not sea, it's Lake!

And here is San Francisco!

Entrance of GDC!

I think the Hot Issue of GDC 2010 was 3D Display because of big success of Avatar in Movie market. NVidia also demonstrated their 3D Display techniques with Unreal Engine.

Windows via C/C++ by Jeffrey M. Richter

2011-01-28T10:16:00.005+09:00

I strongly recomend this book, if you're advanced developer. This is a really helpful for understanding the inner mechanism of windows.

Click to Buy Book on Amazon

OpenCL vs CUDA/STREAM

2011-01-18T15:15:00.006+09:00

The SISSOFTWARE benchmarked OpenCL vs CUDA/STREAM with converting CUDA/STREAM code to OpenCL code.
The test results are very exciting, the latest conformant release driver/OpenCL run-time brings performance parity with CUDA, a great improvement on the preview release. You can see detailed test results in the below site!

OpenCL vs CUDA/STREAM

Hellgate London

2011-01-18T10:40:00.007+09:00

Hellgate London was my first project at first company.
It's very exciting next-gen MMO Game and I worked with Flagship Studio of America as server system engineer. This game was very popular for a while in korea. If we could update very often with new contents, I think the game could be steady seller. :)

Tmax Window

2011-01-18T10:20:00.007+09:00

The project named Tmax window was new PC Operating System that I developed at former company.
The main purpose of the project was making compatibility layer for both of windows programs and linux programs.

C/C++ Unit Testing Tools

2011-01-15T11:10:00.003+09:00

It's for downloading Unit Test Tools like UnitTest++ and CppUnit...
According to the page, The most popular tool is CppUnit!
Ok, You can try unit test now, if you never use it.

Unit Testing Tools

President Obama: Memorial in Arizona (Video and Text)

2011-01-14T16:04:00.005+09:00

For Immediate Release
January 12, 2011
Remarks by the President at a Memorial Service for the Victims of the Shooting in Tucson, Arizona
McKale Memorial Center
University of Arizona
Tucson, Arizona

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. (Applause.) Thank you very much. Please, please be seated. (Applause.)

To the families of those we’ve lost; to all who called them friends; to the students of this university, the public servants who are gathered here, the people of Tucson and the people of Arizona: I have come here tonight as an American who, like all Americans, kneels to pray with you today and will stand by you tomorrow. (Applause.)

There is nothing I can say that will fill the sudden hole torn in your hearts. But know this: The hopes of a nation are here tonight. We mourn with you for the fallen. We join you in your grief. And we add our faith to yours that Representative Gabrielle Giffords and the other living victims of this tragedy will pull through. (Applause.)

Scripture tells us:

There is a river whose streams make glad the city of God,
the holy place where the Most High dwells.
God is within her, she will not fall;
God will help her at break of day.

On Saturday morning, Gabby, her staff and many of her constituents gathered outside a supermarket to exercise their right to peaceful assembly and free speech. (Applause.) They were fulfilling a central tenet of the democracy envisioned by our founders –- representatives of the people answering questions to their constituents, so as to carry their concerns back to our nation’s capital. Gabby called it “Congress on Your Corner” -– just an updated version of government of and by and for the people. (Applause.)

And that quintessentially American scene, that was the scene that was shattered by a gunman’s bullets. And the six people who lost their lives on Saturday –- they, too, represented what is best in us, what is best in America. (Applause.)

Judge John Roll served our legal system for nearly 40 years. (Applause.) A graduate of this university and a graduate of this law school -- (applause) -- Judge Roll was recommended for the federal bench by John McCain 20 years ago -- (applause) -- appointed by President George H.W. Bush and rose to become Arizona’s chief federal judge. (Applause.)

His colleagues described him as the hardest-working judge within the Ninth Circuit. He was on his way back from attending Mass, as he did every day, when he decided to stop by and say hi to his representative. John is survived by his loving wife, Maureen, his three sons and his five beautiful grandchildren. (Applause.)

George and Dorothy Morris -– “Dot” to her friends -– were high school sweethearts who got married and had two daughters. They did everything together -- traveling the open road in their RV, enjoying what their friends called a 50-year honeymoon. Saturday morning, they went by the Safeway to hear what their congresswoman had to say. When gunfire rang out, George, a former Marine, instinctively tried to shield his wife. (Applause.) Both were shot. Dot passed away.

A New Jersey native, Phyllis Schneck retired to Tucson to beat the snow. But in the summer, she would return East, where her world revolved around her three children, her seven grandchildren and 2-year-old great-granddaughter. A gifted quilter, she’d often work under a favorite tree, or sometimes she'd sew aprons with the logos of the Jets and the Giants -- (laughter) -- to give out at the church where she volunteered. A Republican, she took a liking to Gabby, and wanted to get to know her better. (Applause.)

Dorwan and Mavy Stoddard grew up in Tucson together -– about 70 years ago. They moved apart and started their own respective families. But after both were widowed they found their way back here, to, as one of Mavy’s daughters put it, “be boyfriend and girlfriend again.” (Laughter.)

When they weren’t out on the road in their motor home, you could find them just up the road, helping folks in need at the Mountain Avenue Church of Christ. A retired construction worker, Dorwan spent his spare time fixing up the church along with his dog, Tux. His final act of selflessness was to dive on top of his wife, sacrificing his life for hers. (Applause.)

Everything -- everything -- Gabe Zimmerman did, he did with passion. (Applause.) But his true passion was helping people. As Gabby’s outreach director, he made the cares of thousands of her constituents his own, seeing to it that seniors got the Medicare benefits that they had earned, that veterans got the medals and the care that they deserved, that government was working for ordinary folks. He died doing what he loved -– talking with people and seeing how he could help. And Gabe is survived by his parents, Ross and Emily, his brother, Ben, and his fiancée, Kelly, who he planned to marry next year. (Applause.)

And then there is nine-year-old Christina Taylor Green. Christina was an A student; she was a dancer; she was a gymnast; she was a swimmer. She decided that she wanted to be the first woman to play in the Major Leagues, and as the only girl on her Little League team, no one put it past her. (Applause.)

She showed an appreciation for life uncommon for a girl her age. She’d remind her mother, “We are so blessed. We have the best life.” And she’d pay those blessings back by participating in a charity that helped children who were less fortunate.

Our hearts are broken by their sudden passing. Our hearts are broken -– and yet, our hearts also have reason for fullness.
Our hearts are full of hope and thanks for the 13 Americans who survived the shooting, including the congresswoman many of them went to see on Saturday.

I have just come from the University Medical Center, just a mile from here, where our friend Gabby courageously fights to recover even as we speak. And I want to tell you -- her husband Mark is here and he allows me to share this with you -- right after we went to visit, a few minutes after we left her room and some of her colleagues in Congress were in the room, Gabby opened her eyes for the first time. (Applause.) Gabby opened her eyes for the first time. (Applause.)

Gabby opened her eyes. Gabby opened her eyes, so I can tell you she knows we are here. She knows we love her. And she knows that we are rooting for her through what is undoubtedly going to be a difficult journey. We are there for her. (Applause.)

Our hearts are full of thanks for that good news, and our hearts are full of gratitude for those who saved others. We are grateful to Daniel Hernandez -- (applause) -- a volunteer in Gabby’s office. (Applause.)

And, Daniel, I’m sorry, you may deny it, but we’ve decided you are a hero because -- (applause) -- you ran through the chaos to minister to your boss, and tended to her wounds and helped keep her alive. (Applause.)

We are grateful to the men who tackled the gunman as he stopped to reload. (Applause.) Right over there. (Applause.) We are grateful for petite Patricia Maisch, who wrestled away the killer’s ammunition, and undoubtedly saved some lives. (Applause.) And we are grateful for the doctors and nurses and first responders who worked wonders to heal those who’d been hurt. We are grateful to them. (Applause.)

These men and women remind us that heroism is found not only on the fields of battle. They remind us that heroism does not require special training or physical strength. Heroism is here, in the hearts of so many of our fellow citizens, all around us, just waiting to be summoned -– as it was on Saturday morning. Their actions, their selflessness poses a challenge to each of us. It raises a question of what, beyond prayers and expressions of concern, is required of us going forward. How can we honor the fallen? How can we be true to their memory?

You see, when a tragedy like this strikes, it is part of our nature to demand explanations –- to try and pose some order on the chaos and make sense out of that which seems senseless. Already we’ve seen a national conversation commence, not only about the motivations behind these killings, but about everything from the merits of gun safety laws to the adequacy of our mental health system. And much of this process, of debating what might be done to prevent such tragedies in the future, is an essential ingredient in our exercise of self-government.

But at a time when our discourse has become so sharply polarized -– at a time when we are far too eager to lay the blame for all that ails the world at the feet of those who happen to think differently than we do -– it’s important for us to pause for a moment and make sure that we’re talking with each other in a way that heals, not in a way that wounds. (Applause.)

Scripture tells us that there is evil in the world, and that terrible things happen for reasons that defy human understanding. In the words of Job, “When I looked for light, then came darkness.” Bad things happen, and we have to guard against simple explanations in the aftermath.

For the truth is none of us can know exactly what triggered this vicious attack. None of us can know with any certainty what might have stopped these shots from being fired, or what thoughts lurked in the inner recesses of a violent man’s mind. Yes, we have to examine all the facts behind this tragedy. We cannot and will not be passive in the face of such violence. We should be willing to challenge old assumptions in order to lessen the prospects of such violence in the future. (Applause.) But what we cannot do is use this tragedy as one more occasion to turn on each other. (Applause.) That we cannot do. (Applause.) That we cannot do.

As we discuss these issues, let each of us do so with a good dose of humility. Rather than pointing fingers or assigning blame, let’s use this occasion to expand our moral imaginations, to listen to each other more carefully, to sharpen our instincts for empathy and remind ourselves of all the ways that our hopes and dreams are bound together. (Applause.)

After all, that’s what most of us do when we lose somebody in our family -– especially if the loss is unexpected. We’re shaken out of our routines. We’re forced to look inward. We reflect on the past: Did we spend enough time with an aging parent, we wonder. Did we express our gratitude for all the sacrifices that they made for us? Did we tell a spouse just how desperately we loved them, not just once in a while but every single day?

So sudden loss causes us to look backward -– but it also forces us to look forward; to reflect on the present and the future, on the manner in which we live our lives and nurture our relationships with those who are still with us. (Applause.)

We may ask ourselves if we’ve shown enough kindness and generosity and compassion to the people in our lives. Perhaps we question whether we're doing right by our children, or our community, whether our priorities are in order.

We recognize our own mortality, and we are reminded that in the fleeting time we have on this Earth, what matters is not wealth, or status, or power, or fame -– but rather, how well we have loved -- (applause)-- and what small part we have played in making the lives of other people better. (Applause.)

And that process -- that process of reflection, of making sure we align our values with our actions –- that, I believe, is what a tragedy like this requires.

For those who were harmed, those who were killed –- they are part of our family, an American family 300 million strong. (Applause.) We may not have known them personally, but surely we see ourselves in them. In George and Dot, in Dorwan and Mavy, we sense the abiding love we have for our own husbands, our own wives, our own life partners. Phyllis –- she’s our mom or our grandma; Gabe our brother or son. (Applause.) In Judge Roll, we recognize not only a man who prized his family and doing his job well, but also a man who embodied America’s fidelity to the law. (Applause.)

And in Gabby -- in Gabby, we see a reflection of our public-spiritedness; that desire to participate in that sometimes frustrating, sometimes contentious, but always necessary and never-ending process to form a more perfect union. (Applause.)

And in Christina -- in Christina we see all of our children. So curious, so trusting, so energetic, so full of magic. So deserving of our love. And so deserving of our good example.

If this tragedy prompts reflection and debate -- as it should -- let’s make sure it’s worthy of those we have lost. (Applause.) Let’s make sure it’s not on the usual plane of politics and point-scoring and pettiness that drifts away in the next news cycle.

The loss of these wonderful people should make every one of us strive to be better. To be better in our private lives, to be better friends and neighbors and coworkers and parents. And if, as has been discussed in recent days, their death helps usher in more civility in our public discourse, let us remember it is not because a simple lack of civility caused this tragedy -- it did not -- but rather because only a more civil and honest public discourse can help us face up to the challenges of our nation in a way that would make them proud. (Applause.)

We should be civil because we want to live up to the example of public servants like John Roll and Gabby Giffords, who knew first and foremost that we are all Americans, and that we can question each other’s ideas without questioning each other’s love of country and that our task, working together, is to constantly widen the circle of our concern so that we bequeath the American Dream to future generations. (Applause.)

They believed -- they believed, and I believe that we can be better. Those who died here, those who saved life here –- they help me believe. We may not be able to stop all evil in the world, but I know that how we treat one another, that’s entirely up to us. (Applause.)

And I believe that for all our imperfections, we are full of decency and goodness, and that the forces that divide us are not as strong as those that unite us. (Applause.)

That’s what I believe, in part because that’s what a child like Christina Taylor Green believed. (Applause.)

Imagine -- imagine for a moment, here was a young girl who was just becoming aware of our democracy; just beginning to understand the obligations of citizenship; just starting to glimpse the fact that some day she, too, might play a part in shaping her nation’s future. She had been elected to her student council. She saw public service as something exciting and hopeful. She was off to meet her congresswoman, someone she was sure was good and important and might be a role model. She saw all this through the eyes of a child, undimmed by the cynicism or vitriol that we adults all too often just take for granted.

I want to live up to her expectations. (Applause.) I want our democracy to be as good as Christina imagined it. I want America to be as good as she imagined it. (Applause.) All of us -– we should do everything we can to make sure this country lives up to our children’s expectations. (Applause.)

As has already been mentioned, Christina was given to us on September 11th, 2001, one of 50 babies born that day to be pictured in a book called “Faces of Hope.” On either side of her photo in that book were simple wishes for a child’s life. “I hope you help those in need,” read one. “I hope you know all the words to the National Anthem and sing it with your hand over your heart." (Applause.) "I hope you jump in rain puddles.”

If there are rain puddles in Heaven, Christina is jumping in them today. (Applause.) And here on this Earth -- here on this Earth, we place our hands over our hearts, and we commit ourselves as Americans to forging a country that is forever worthy of her gentle, happy spirit.

May God bless and keep those we’ve lost in restful and eternal peace. May He love and watch over the survivors. And may He bless the United States of America. (Applause.)

The 10 Best Jobs of 2011

2011-01-13T13:08:00.004+09:00

Software Engineer ranks as the Best Job of 2011 in the states!
But it's not in here, it's in the states.

The 10 Best Jobs of 2011

Golfzon Real Commercial Advertisement

2011-01-12T10:45:00.008+09:00

My first project in this company has successfully launched in last week, and fortunately, products for limited advance order sold out in only 20 minutes. I hope our game will be popular in the world!

Advance in real-time rendering in 3D Graphics and Games

2011-01-08T15:36:00.002+09:00

Syllabus

Introduction: Graphics Feature Development for Games
Natalya Tatarchuk (Bungie)

Rendering techniques in Toy Story 3
John-Paul Ownby, Robert Hall and Christopher Hall (Avalanche / Disney)

A Real-Time Radiosity Architecture for Video Game
Sam Martin (Geomerics), Per Einarsson (DICE)

Real-Time Order Independent Transparency and Indirect Illumination using Direct3D 11
Jason Yang, Jay McKee (AMD)

CryENGINE 3: Reaching the Speed of Light
Anton Kaplanyan (Crytek)

Sample Distribution Shadow Maps
Andrew Lauritzen (Intel)

Adaptive Volumetric Shadow Maps
Marco Salvi (Intel)

Uncharted 2: Character Lighting and Shading
John Hable (Naughty Dog)

Destruction Masking in Frostbite 2 using Volume Distance Fields
Robert Kihl (DICE)

Water Flow in Portal 2
Alex Vlachos (Valve)

You can see detailed description and some source code in the below site.

Real-Time Rendering in Siggraph 2010 Course

Onloaded Shadows: Moving Shadow Map Generation from the GPU to the CPU

2011-01-08T10:14:00.003+09:00

In many games the sun moves very slowly, which means that generating shadow maps for static objects doesn't have to be done on a per-frame basis. Instead, they can be generated asynchronous to frame rendering, occurring only a few times per second or even less frequently. Although the workload could be broken up between multiple frames on the GPU, this would still be synchronous. The CPU can perform this workload asynchronously with Microsoft's* Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform* (WARP*) 1 software rasterizer. Onloaded Shadows uses WARP to asynchronously generate shadows, and the copy of shadow data from the CPU to the GPU is the only synchronous work needed. Onloaded Shadows distributes the overhead of the copy operation across several frames to have as little impact as possible.

You can see more description and source code with the below page.

Onloaded Shadows: Moving Shadow Map Generation from the GPU to the CPU

Beyonce - I Am... World Tour DVD [HD]

2011-01-05T09:02:00.003+09:00

[Part 1] - Intro / Crazy In Love / Naughty Girl

[Part 2] - I Am Sasha Fierce / Freakum Dress / Get Me Bodied

[Part 3] - Smash Into You / Ave Maria

[Part 4] - If I Were A Boy

[Part 5] - Radio / Ego / Hello

[Part 6] - Sasha Fierce / Baby Boy / You Don't Love Me

CUDA vs C++

2011-01-04T11:46:00.009+09:00

CUDA vs C++ RayCaster...

You can see more test result for CUDA vs C++ with linking page(Porting to CUDA).

Porting to CUDA

Havok Demo at Intel® Developer Forum 2010.

2011-01-03T18:02:00.003+09:00

Havok™ announced at Intel’s annual developer forum that Havok Physics SDK is being made available for AppUp store developers. But I dunno the AppUp Store can be popular like app store... anyway it's interesting news to me that new app store is appeared for Personal Computer(netbook).

Demonstration of Havok Physics SDK

Map for Game Developers In the World

2010-12-28T16:47:00.008+09:00

It's a kind of map for game development organizations in the world...
If you're intereted in game job market, it will be very useful.

Game Dev. Map

Call of Duty Black Ops

2010-12-26T22:18:00.006+09:00

I've started to play a Call of Duty Black Ops... It's awesome game....

It looks like to make me a hero in well made movie with great immersion.

In the first 24-hours, Black Ops sold 5.6 million copies in North America and United Kingdom and Activision's latest title has now surpassed $1 billion in sales worldwide since launch.

How talented programmers are there at treyarch studio.

I heard they developed and used their own game engine. I really envy them who have took part in the game project from beginning.

Standard Template Library (STL) Lectures

2010-12-26T22:04:00.004+09:00

C9 Lectures: Stephan T. Lavavej - Standard Template Library (STL), 10 Lectures...

Standard Template Library Lectures

MIT Open CourseWare

2010-12-23T10:15:00.004+09:00

Are you interesed in Computer Programming and a newbie in Programming?
The MIT Open Cource can make improvement to your programming skill..

MIT Open CourseWare

Deferred Shading with Source code

2010-12-21T11:29:00.006+09:00

There was a presentation given at the Beyond Programmable Shading day about Deferred Shading at Siggraph 2010.
The interesting example was that Deferred Shading was implemented with the Compute Shader and performance figures were given for ATI’s 5870 and a NVIDIA GTX 480 for up to 1000 lights. You can download a presentation file and source code with below link.

Slides and Source Code for Deferred Shading

And You can see more slides given at Programmable Shading day.

More Slides for the SIGGRAPH 2010 Beyond Programmable Shading course

OpenCL by Example @ Siggraph Asia 2010

2010-12-17T09:54:00.002+09:00

You can see useful links and documentations about OpenCL.

OpenCL by Example

Gamefest 2010

2010-12-10T16:14:00.002+09:00

You can see all presented sessions from Gamefest 2010. (ppt files and voice recording files)

Gamefest 2010

The Dark Art of Shadow Mapping

2010-12-10T15:53:00.004+09:00

It's about Shadow Mapping Method and examples from Microsoft in GameFest 2010.

The Dark Art of Shadow Mapping

GTC 2010

2010-11-15T11:23:00.005+09:00

Recorded all sessions from GPU Technology Conference 2010

Click for Downloading All Sessions

Bose Companion 5 질렀다!! 악악 ㄷㄷㄷ

2010-10-28T10:34:00.003+09:00

아이폰4을 예약나니 이것저것 필요한 악세사리가 눈에 들어오는데...
그중 젤 큰맘 먹고 지른 것....TV랑 연결해서 영화 볼때도 괜찮을것 같아서...
일단 무이자 11개월로 질렀음 ㅠㅠ
어제 애플샾에서 여러개 스피커 소리를 들어본게 실수였다...;;;;

A Closer Look at GPUs

2010-01-29T11:45:00.007+09:00

As the line between GPUs and CPUs begins to blur, it's important to understand what makes GPUs tick.

Click For A Closer Look at GPUs

Gamasutra's Best Of 2009: Top 5 Game Biz Trends

2009-12-11T12:39:00.010+09:00

Gamasutra에서 발표한 2009년 게임 산업 트랜드...

Click! Top 5 Game Biz Trends for More

1. The Wicked Way of the iPhone

2. The Rise of Social Games

3. The Widening Net of Digital Distribution

4. The Rush of the Engines

5. The Day the Music Died

여기서 주목해야 할 것은 IPhone Games과 Social Network Games.....

새로운 Trend가 게임 산업 쪽에서 일어나고 있는 것 같다...아니 이미 일어난 것 같다.

Social Network Game으로 가장 유명한 Zynga는 Unique한 한달 이용 유저수가 1억명에 연 매출이 3천억을 넘어 간다고 한다.

이렇게 새로운 Trend가 나올 때 마다 개발자들은 늘 고뇌에 빠진다...새로운 분야를 공부해야 한다는 압박감과 함께...

아직 국내에서는 그나마 조용한 편이지만, 외국은 상당히 관심을 많이 갖고 있는 분야이다... 투자대비 수익성이 탁월하다고나 할까...이 참에 Action Script 공부를 좀 해볼까나...

참고로 Zynga에 대한 소개 동영상도 링크를 걸어놨다...

GDC 2010

2009-12-08T11:47:00.006+09:00

휴... 지금 GDC 2010 참관을 심각하게 고려중에 있다...

기나긴 병특 생활도 마무리가 되어가고... 삶의 재충전과 전환점도 필요하고...

가서 job 시장도 좀 알아보면 좋을 것 같고...

근데 작년보다 가격이 다운되었는데도, full pass 비용이 ㅎㄷㄷ 하다...ㅠㅠ

EVE Online - Dominion Trailer

2009-11-27T16:55:00.011+09:00

ccp games를 갔었어야 했는데... 아쉬움이 너무 남는 회사;;;

그래도 게임은 기대된다...ㅡㅡ;

2012

2009-11-23T20:14:00.002+09:00

말도 많고 스포도 많았던 2012 영화를 어제 드디어 봤다.

긴 영화 시간에 비해 스토리가 빈약하다는 평이 많아,

지겹지 않을까하는 생각을 갖고 관람했는데, 재난 영화를 사랑하는

나로써는 너무 재미있게 봤다.

스토리를 떠나 Computer Graphics의 세밀함과 완성도를 감상하는 것만으로도,

3시간은 나에게 너무 짧게 느껴졌던것 같다.

영화 내용은 안보신 분들을 위해 얘길 하지 않겠지만...

영화를 보면서 느꼈던건, 중국의 세계적 위상이었다. 헐리웃 영화에서도

어느덧 세계의 중심에 중국이 서있다.

아시아는 이제 중국과 인도, 일본.... 이 세 나라가 중심이 되어가는 느낌이다.

여튼 재난 영화를 사랑하시고 CG에 관심 있는 분들이라면 꼭 보시길 추천한다.

Hellgate: Tokyo

2009-11-19T09:35:00.009+09:00

한빛(T3)에서 헬게이트 런던에 이어 헬게이트 도쿄를 발표하였다.
개인적으로 발을 담궜던 프로젝트로 상당히 아쉬움이 많았던 작품이었는데...
들어보니 미국 플래그쉽 스튜디오는 개발팀은 거의 정리가 된 상태라 개발 엔진을 전부 한국으로 가져와서 한국에서 개발을 모두 하고 있는것 같다.

헬게이트는 서버 안정화와 컨텐츠만 갖춘다면 괜찮은 게임임에 틀림없다고 개인적으로 생각하기에... 한국의 MMO에 대한 기술력과 노하우가 잘 접목되길 바랄 뿐이다..

미국애들이랑 작업할 때 PC 온라인 게임에 대한 문화적인 시각 차이가 꽤 있구나 하는걸 느껴주게 해줬던 프로젝트....
헬게이트 뉴스를 보니 옛날 생각도 나고, 다시 게임쪽으로 돌아가야겠다는 생각이 많이 든다..

Click for Trailer and More Pics

Free Edition of Unreal Engine

2009-11-16T10:30:00.009+09:00

Epic에서 Unreal Engine 3를 무료 버전으로 공개했습니다.

단, 상업적 목적으로는 사용할 수 없지만 이젠 누구든지 쉽게 언리얼 엔진을 다운 받아서 쉽게 접할 수 있다는건 커다란 변화임에 틀림 없는것 같습니다. Epic이 Unreal Engine 저변 확대를 위해 큰 도전을 한 듯 싶네요... 멋지네요!

Download for Uunreal Development Kit

세계 게임 엔진 순위

2009-11-14T13:05:00.005+09:00

develop-online에서 발표한 세계 10대 게임 엔진 순위

쥬피터는 이제 역사속으로 사라지는 것일까...

No.10: Torque 3D
No.9: Vicious Engine 2
No.8: Bigworld Technology Suite
No.7: Vision Engine 7.5
No.6: Infernal Engine
No.5: BlitzTech
No.4: Unity 3D
No.3: CryENGINE 3
No.2: Gamebryo Lightspeed
No.1: Unreal Engine 3

Direct2D Performance Test

2009-11-12T09:34:00.009+09:00

초기에 단순히 게임을 위해서 만든 DX API가, 범용적인 형태와 목적을 몇 년전부터 갖춰가고 있다...

WinHEC(Windows Hardware Engineering Conference) 2008에서 보면, GDI나 GDI+의 역할을 Direct2D(2D library), Dwrite(font), WIC(image) 등의 DX 그룹으로 차츰 다 대처하려는 MS의 강한 의지를 엿볼수 있었다. 물론 DX 그룹은 하드웨어 가속(GPU)을 받기 때문에, MS의 이런 의지는 당연한 것이라고 볼 수 있다. GDI아 GDI+는 이제 업그레이드 없는 legacy가 되는듯...

참고로 D2D와 gdi, gdi+로 같은 그림을 그렸을 때, 퍼포먼스 차이를 눈으로 확인해보았다.
아래 그림과 같은 그림을 그렸을때, 아래와 같은 결과(평균)가 나왔다. (Graphic Card: Geforce 8500GT)

D2D&Dwrite : 2.xx ms
GDI : 5.xx ms
GDI+ : 8.xx ms

역시 확연한 차이를 보인다...;

About STL

2009-11-11T00:20:00.000+09:00

STL 공부를 시작할때 읽어보면 좋은 자료들...

About STL: C++ STL 프로그래밍 1

About STL: C++ STL 프로그래밍 2-1

About STL: C++ STL 프로그래밍 2-2

About STL: C++ STL 프로그래밍 3

Common Questions in Programming Interview...

2009-11-10T23:44:00.000+09:00

보통 외국 기업의 취업 프로세스는 서류 통과가 되면 전화 인터뷰를 하게 되고, 전화 인터뷰를 통과하게 되면 온사이트 인터뷰를 보게 된다...

이 인터뷰에서 가장 기본적으로 물어보는게 C++ 관련 내용인데... 아래에 보면 흔히 물어보는 질문 리스트를 볼 수 있다.
나의 경험(현재 1번이지만;;;)으로 볼때도, 실제로 이 질문의 틀에 크게 벗어 나지 않았다...

1.What is encapsulation??
Containing and hiding information about an object, such as internal data structures and code. Encapsulation isolates the internal complexity of an object's operation from the rest of the application. For example, a client component asking for net revenue from a business object need not know the data's origin.

2.What is inheritance?
Inheritance allows one class to reuse the state and behavior of another class. The derived class inherits the properties and method implementations of the base class and extends it by overriding methods and adding additional properties and methods.

3.What is Polymorphism??
Polymorphism allows a client to treat different objects in the same way even if they were created from different classes and exhibit different behaviors. You can use implementation inheritance to achieve polymorphism in languages such as C++ and Java. Base class object's pointer can invoke methods in derived class objects. You can also achieve polymorphism in C++ by function overloading and operator overloading.

4.What is constructor or ctor?
Constructor creates an object and initializes it. It also creates vtable for virtual
functions. It is different from other methods in a class.

5.What is destructor?
Destructor usually deletes any extra resources allocated by the object.
What is default constructor?
Constructor with no arguments or all the arguments has default values.

6.What is copy constructor?
Constructor which initializes the it's object member variables ( by shallow copying) with another object of the same class. If you don't implement one in your class then compiler implements one for you.
for example:
Boo Obj1(10); // calling Boo constructor
Boo Obj2(Obj1); // calling boo copy constructor
Boo Obj2 = Obj1;// calling boo copy constructor

7.When are copy constructors called?
Copy constructors are called in following cases:
a) when a function returns an object of that class by value
b) when the object of that class is passed by value as an argument to a function
c) when you construct an object based on another object of the same class
d) When compiler generates a temporary object

8.What is assignment operator?
Default assignment operator handles assigning one object to another of the same class.
Member to member copy (shallow copy)

9.What are all the implicit member functions of the class? Or what are all the functions which compiler implements for us if we don't define one.??
default ctor
copy ctor
assignment operator
default destructor
address operator

10.What is conversion constructor?
constructor with a single argument makes that constructor as conversion ctor and it can be used for type conversion.
for example:
class Boo
{
public:
Boo( int i );
};
Boo BooObject = 10 ; // assigning int 10 Boo object

11.What is conversion operator??
class can have a public method for specific data type conversions.
for example:
class Boo
{
double value;
public:
Boo(int i )
operator double()
{
return value;
}
};
Boo BooObject;
double i = BooObject; // assigning object to variable i of type double. now conversion operator gets called to assign the value.

12.What is diff between malloc()/free() and new/delete?
malloc allocates memory for object in heap but doesn't invoke object's constructor to
initiallize the object.
new allocates memory and also invokes constructor to initialize the object.
malloc() and free() do not support object semantics
Does not construct and destruct objects
string * ptr = (string *)(malloc (sizeof(string)))
Are not safe
Does not calculate the size of the objects that it construct
Returns a pointer to void
int *p = (int *) (malloc(sizeof(int)));
int *p = new int;
Are not extensible
new and delete can be overloaded in a class
"delete" first calls the object's termination routine (i.e. its destructor) and then
releases the space the object occupied on the heap memory. If an array of objects was
created using new, then delete must be told that it is dealing with an array by preceding
the name with an empty []:-
Int_t *my_ints = new Int_t[10];
...
delete []my_ints;

13.What is the diff between "new" and "operator new" ?
"operator new" works like malloc.
14.What is difference between template and macro??
There is no way for the compiler to verify that the macro parameters are of compatible types. The macro is expanded without any special type checking.
If macro parameter has a postincremented variable ( like c++ ), the increment is performed two times.
Because macros are expanded by the preprocessor, compiler error messages will refer to the expanded macro, rather than the macro definition itself. Also, the macro will show up in expanded form during debugging.
for example:
Macro:
#define min(i, j) (i < j ? i : j)
template:
template
T min (T i, T j)
{
return i < j ? i : j;
}

15.What are C++ storage classes?
auto
register
static
extern
auto: the default. Variables are automatically created and initialized when they are defined
and are destroyed at the end of the block containing their definition. They are not visible
outside that block
register: a type of auto variable. a suggestion to the compiler to use a CPU register for
performance
static: a variable that is known only in the function that contains its definition but is never destroyed and retains its value between calls to that function. It exists from the time the program begins execution
extern: a static variable whose definition and placement is determined when all object and library modules are combined (linked) to form the executable code file. It can be visible outside the file where it is defined.

16.What are storage qualifiers in C++ ?
They are..
const
volatile
mutable
Const keyword indicates that memory once initialized, should not be altered by a program.
volatile keyword indicates that the value in the memory location can be altered even though nothing in the program code modifies the contents. for example if you have a pointer to hardware location that contains the time, where hardware changes the value of this pointer variable and not the program. The intent of this keyword to improve the optimization ability of the compiler. mutable keyword indicates that particular member of a structure or class can be altered even if a particular structure variable, class, or class member function is constant.
struct data
{
char name[80];
mutable double salary;
}
const data MyStruct = { "Satish Shetty", 1000 }; //initlized by complier
strcpy ( MyStruct.name, "Shilpa Shetty"); // compiler error
MyStruct.salaray = 2000 ; // complier is happy allowed

17.What is reference ??
reference is a name that acts as an alias, or alternative name, for a previously defined variable or an object. prepending variable with "&" symbol makes it as reference. for example:
int a;
int &b = a;

18.What is passing by reference?
Method of passing arguments to a function which takes parameter of type reference. for example:
void swap( int & x, int & y )
{
int temp = x;
x = y;
y = x;
}
int a=2, b=3;
swap( a, b );
Basically, inside the function there won't be any copy of the arguments "x" and "y" instead they refer to original variables a and b. so no extra memory needed to pass arguments and it is more efficient.

19.When do use "const" reference arguments in function?
a) Using const protects you against programming errors that inadvertently alter data.
b) Using const allows function to process both const and non-const actual arguments, while a function without const in the prototype can only accept non constant arguments.
c) Using a const reference allows the function to generate and use a temporary variable appropriately.

20.When are temporary variables created by C++ compiler?
Provided that function parameter is a "const reference", compiler generates temporary
variable in following 2 ways.
a) The actual argument is the correct type, but it isn't Lvalue
double Cuberoot ( const double & num )
{
num = num * num * num;
return num;
}
double temp = 2.0;
double value = cuberoot ( 3.0 + temp ); // argument is a expression and not a Lvalue;
b) The actual argument is of the wrong type, but of a type that can be converted to the correct type
long temp = 3L;
double value = cuberoot ( temp); // long to double conversion

21. What is virtual function?
When derived class overrides the base class method by redefining the same function, then if client wants to access redefined the method from derived class through a pointer from base class object, then you must define this function in base class as virtual function.
class parent
{
void Show()
{
cout << "i'm parent" << endl;
}
};
class child: public parent
{
void Show()
{
cout << "i'm child" << endl;
}
};
parent * parent_object_ptr = new child;
parent_object_ptr->show() // calls parent->show() i
now we goto virtual world...
class parent
{
virtual void Show()
{
cout << "i'm parent" << endl;
}
};
class child: public parent
{
void Show()
{
cout << "i'm child" << endl;
}
};
parent * parent_object_ptr = new child;
parent_object_ptr->show() // calls child->show()

22.What is pure virtual function? or what is abstract class?
When you define only function prototype in a base class without and do the complete
implementation in derived class. This base class is called abstract class and client won't able to instantiate an object using this base class.
You can make a pure virtual function or abstract class this way..
class Boo
{
void foo() = 0;
}
Boo MyBoo; // compilation error

23.What is Memory alignment??
The term alignment primarily means the tendency of an address pointer value to be a multiple of some power of two. So a pointer with two byte alignment has a zero in the least significant bit. And a pointer with four byte alignment has a zero in both the two least significant bits. And so on. More alignment means a longer sequence of zero bits in the lowest bits of a pointer.

24.What problem does the namespace feature solve?
Multiple providers of libraries might use common global identifiers causing a name collision when an application tries to link with two or more such libraries. The namespace feature surrounds a library's external declarations with a unique namespace that eliminates the potential for those collisions.
namespace [identifier] { namespace-body }
A namespace declaration identifies and assigns a name to a declarative region.
The identifier in a namespace declaration must be unique in the declarative region in which it is used. The identifier is the name of the namespace and is used to reference its members.

25.What is the use of 'using' declaration?
A using declaration makes it possible to use a name from a namespace without the scope operator.

26.What is an Iterator class?
A class that is used to traverse through the objects maintained by a container class. There are five categories of iterators: input iterators, output iterators, forward iterators, bidirectional iterators, random access. An iterator is an entity that gives access to the contents of a container object without violating encapsulation constraints. Access to the contents is granted on a one-at-a-time basis in order. The order can be storage order (as in lists and queues) or some arbitrary order (as in array indices) or according to some ordering relation (as in an ordered binary tree). The iterator is a construct, which provides an interface that, when called, yields either the next element in the container, or some value denoting the fact that there are no more elements to examine. Iterators hide the
details of access to and update of the elements of a container class. Something like a pointer.

27.What is a dangling pointer?
A dangling pointer arises when you use the address of an object after its lifetime is over. This may occur in situations like returning addresses of the automatic variables from a function or using the address of the memory block after it is freed.

28.What do you mean by Stack unwinding?
It is a process during exception handling when the destructor is called for all local
objects in the stack between the place where the exception was thrown and where it is
caught.
Name the operators that cannot be overloaded??
sizeof, ., .*, .->, ::, ?:

29.What is a container class? What are the types of container classes?
A container class is a class that is used to hold objects in memory or external storage. A container class acts as a generic holder. A container class has a predefined behavior and a well-known interface. A container class is a supporting class whose purpose is to hide the topology used for maintaining the list of objects in memory. When a container class contains a group of mixed objects, the container is called a heterogeneous container; when the container is holding a group of objects that are all the same, the container is called a homogeneous container.

30.What is inline function??
The __inline keyword tells the compiler to substitute the code within the function
definition for every instance of a function call. However, substitution occurs only at the compiler's discretion. For example, the compiler does not inline a function if its address is taken or if it is too large to inline.

31.What is overloading??
With the C++ language, you can overload functions and operators. Overloading is the practice of supplying more than one definition for a given function name in the same scope.
- Any two functions in a set of overloaded functions must have different argument lists.
- Overloading functions with argument lists of the same types, based on return type alone, is an error.

32.What is Overriding?
To override a method, a subclass of the class that originally declared the method must declare a method with the same name, return type (or a subclass of that return type), and same parameter list.
The definition of the method overriding is:
• Must have same method name.
• Must have same data type.
• Must have same argument list.
Overriding a method means that replacing a method functionality in child class. To imply overriding functionality we need parent and child classes. In the child class you define the same method signature as one defined in the parent class.

33.What is "this" pointer?
The this pointer is a pointer accessible only within the member functions of a class,
struct, or union type. It points to the object for which the member function is called.
Static member functions do not have a this pointer.
When a nonstatic member function is called for an object, the address of the object is passed as a hidden argument to the function. For example, the following function call
myDate.setMonth( 3 );
can be interpreted this way:
setMonth( &myDate, 3 );
The object's address is available from within the member function as the this pointer. It is
legal, though unnecessary, to use the this pointer when referring to members of the class.

34.What happens when you make call "delete this;" ??
The code has two built-in pitfalls. First, if it executes in a member function for an
extern, static, or automatic object, the program will probably crash as soon as the delete statement executes. There is no portable way for an object to tell that it was instantiated on the heap, so the class cannot assert that its object is properly instantiated. Second, when an object commits suicide this way, the using program might not know about its demise. As far as the instantiating program is concerned, the object remains in scope and continues to exist even though the object did itself in. Subsequent dereferencing of the pointer can and usually does lead to disaster.
You should never do this. Since compiler does not know whether the object was allocated on the stack or on the heap, "delete this" could cause a disaster.

35.How virtual functions are implemented C++?
Virtual functions are implemented using a table of function pointers, called the vtable.
There is one entry in the table per virtual function in the class. This table is created by the constructor of the class. When a derived class is constructed, its base class is constructed first which creates the vtable. If the derived class overrides any of the base classes virtual functions, those entries in the vtable are overwritten by the derived class constructor. This is why you should never call virtual functions from a constructor: because the vtable entries for the object may not have been set up by the derived class constructor yet, so you might end up calling base class implementations of those virtual functions
What is name mangling in C++??
The process of encoding the parameter types with the function/method name into a unique name is called name mangling. The inverse process is called demangling.
For example Foo::bar(int, long) const is mangled as `bar__C3Fooil'.
For a constructor, the method name is left out. That is Foo::Foo(int, long) const is mangled
as `__C3Fooil'.

36.What is the difference between a pointer and a reference?
A reference must always refer to some object and, therefore, must always be initialized;
pointers do not have such restrictions. A pointer can be reassigned to point to different objects while a reference always refers to an object with which it was initialized.

37.How are prefix and postfix versions of operator++() differentiated?
The postfix version of operator++() has a dummy parameter of type int. The prefix version does not have dummy parameter.

38.What is the difference between const char *myPointer and char *const myPointer?
Const char *myPointer is a non constant pointer to constant data; while char *const
myPointer is a constant pointer to non constant data.

39.How can I handle a constructor that fails?
throw an exception. Constructors don't have a return type, so it's not possible to use return codes. The best way to signal constructor failure is therefore to throw an exception.

40.How can I handle a destructor that fails?
Write a message to a log-file. But do not throw an exception.
The C++ rule is that you must never throw an exception from a destructor that is being called during the "stack unwinding" process of another exception. For example, if someone says throw Foo(), the stack will be unwound so all the stack frames between the throw Foo() and the } catch (Foo e) { will get popped. This is called stack unwinding.
During stack unwinding, all the local objects in all those stack frames are destructed. If one of those destructors throws an exception (say it throws a Bar object), the C++ runtime system is in a no-win situation: should it ignore the Bar and end up in the } catch (Foo e) { where it was originally headed? Should it ignore the Foo and look for a } catch (Bar e) {handler? There is no good answer -- either choice loses information.
So the C++ language guarantees that it will call terminate() at this point, and terminate() kills the process. Bang you're dead.

41.What is Virtual Destructor?
Using virtual destructors, you can destroy objects without knowing their type - the correct destructor for the object is invoked using the virtual function mechanism. Note that destructors can also be declared as pure virtual functions for abstract classes.
if someone will derive from your class, and if someone will say "new Derived", where
"Derived" is derived from your class, and if someone will say delete p, where the actual object's type is "Derived" but the pointer p's type is your class.
Can you think of a situation where your program would crash without reaching the breakpoint

42.which you set at the beginning of main()?
C++ allows for dynamic initialization of global variables before main() is invoked. It is possible that initialization of global will invoke some function. If this function crashes the crash will occur before main() is entered.
Name two cases where you MUST use initialization list as opposed to assignment in
constructors.
Both non-static const data members and reference data members cannot be assigned values;
instead, you should use initialization list to initialize them.
Can you overload a function based only on whether a parameter is a value or a reference?
No. Passing by value and by reference looks identical to the caller.

43.What are the differences between a C++ struct and C++ class?
The default member and base class access specifiers are different.
The C++ struct has all the features of the class. The only differences are that a struct defaults to public member access and public base class inheritance, and a class defaults to the private access specifier and private base class inheritance.

44.What does extern "C" int func(int *, Foo) accomplish?
It will turn off "name mangling" for func so that one can link to code compiled by a C compiler.

45.How do you access the static member of a class?

46.What is multiple inheritance(virtual inheritance)? What are its advantages and
disadvantages?
Multiple Inheritance is the process whereby a child can be derived from more than one parent class. The advantage of multiple inheritance is that it allows a class to inherit the functionality of more than one base class thus allowing for modeling of complex relationships. The disadvantage of multiple inheritance is that it can lead to a lot of confusion(ambiguity) when two base classes implement a method with the same name.
What are the access privileges in C++? What is the default access level?
The access privileges in C++ are private, public and protected. The default access level assigned to members of a class is private. Private members of a class are accessible only within the class and by friends of the class. Protected members are accessible by the class itself and it's sub-classes. Public members of a class can be accessed by anyone.

47.What is a nested class? Why can it be useful?
A nested class is a class enclosed within the scope of another class. For example:
// Example 1: Nested class
//
class OuterClass
{
class NestedClass
{
// ...
};
// ...
};
Nested classes are useful for organizing code and controlling access and dependencies.
Nested classes obey access rules just like other parts of a class do; so, in Example 1, if NestedClass is public then any code can name it as OuterClass::NestedClass. Often nested classes contain private implementation details, and are therefore made private; in Example
1, if NestedClass is private, then only OuterClass's members and friends can use
NestedClass.
When you instantiate as outer class, it won't instantiate inside class.

48.What is a local class? Why can it be useful?
local class is a class defined within the scope of a function -- any function, whether a member function or a free function. For example:
// Example 2: Local class
//
int f()
{
class LocalClass
{
// ...
};
// ...
};
Like nested classes, local classes can be a useful tool for managing code dependencies.
Can a copy constructor accept an object of the same class as parameter, instead of reference of the object?
No. It is specified in the definition of the copy constructor itself. It should generate an error if a programmer specifies a copy constructor with a first argument that is an object and not a reference.
(From Microsoft) Assume I have a linked list contains all of the alphabets from ‘A’ to ‘Z’. I want to find the letter ‘Q’ in the list, how does you perform the search to find the ‘Q’?

49.How do you write a function that can reverse a linked-list? (Cisco System)
void reverselist(void)
{
if(head==0)
return;
if(head->next==0)
return;
if(head->next==tail)
{
head->next = 0;
tail->next = head;
}
else
{
node* pre = head;
node* cur = head->next;
node* curnext = cur->next;
head->next = 0;
cur->next = head;
for(; curnext!=0; )
{
cur->next = pre;
pre = cur;
cur = curnext;
curnext = curnext->next;
}
curnext->next = cur;
}
}

50.How do you find out if a linked-list has an end? (i.e. the list is not a cycle)
You can find out by using 2 pointers. One of them goes 2 nodes each time. The second one goes at 1 nodes each time. If there is a cycle, the one that goes 2 nodes each time will eventually meet the one that goes slower. If that is the case, then you will know the linked-list is a cycle.

51.How can you tell what shell you are running on UNIX system?
You can do the Echo $RANDOM. It will return a undefined variable if you are from the
C-Shell, just a return prompt if you are from the Bourne shell, and a 5 digit random numbers if you are from the Korn shell. You could also do a ps -l and look for the shell with the highest PID.

52.What is Boyce Codd Normal form?
A relation schema R is in BCNF with respect to a set F of functional dependencies if for all functional dependencies in F+ of the form a->b, where a and b is a subset of R, at least one of the following holds:
• a->b is a trivial functional dependency (b is a subset of a)
• a is a superkey for schema R

53.Could you tell something about the Unix System Kernel?
The kernel is the heart of the UNIX openrating system, it’s reponsible for controlling the computer’s resouces and scheduling user jobs so that each one gets its fair share of resources.

54.What is a Make file?
Make file is a utility in Unix to help compile large programs. It helps by only compiling the portion of the program that has been changed

55.How do you link a C++ program to C functions?
By using the extern "C" linkage specification around the C function declarations.
Explain the scope resolution operator.
Design and implement a String class that satisfies the following:
Supports embedded nulls
Provide the following methods (at least)
Constructor
Destructor
Copy constructor
Assignment operator
Addition operator (concatenation)
Return character at location
Return substring at location
Find substring
Provide versions of methods for String and for char* arguments
Suppose that data is an array of 1000 integers. Write a single function call that will sort
the 100 elements data [222] through data [321].
Answer: quicksort ((data + 222), 100);

56.What is a modifier?

57.What is an accessor?

58.Differentiate between a template class and class template.

59.When does a name clash occur?

60.Define namespace.

61.What is the use of ‘using’ declaration.

62.What is an Iterator class?

63.List out some of the OODBMS available.

64.List out some of the object-oriented methodologies.

65.What is an incomplete type?

66.What is a dangling pointer?

67.Differentiate between the message and method.

68.What is an adaptor class or Wrapper class?

69.What is a Null object?

70.What is class invariant?

71.What do you mean by Stack unwinding?

72.Define precondition and post-condition to a member function.

73.What are the conditions that have to be met for a condition to be an invariant of the class?

74.What are proxy objects?

75.Name some pure object oriented languages.

76.Name the operators that cannot be overloaded.

77.What is a node class?

78.What is an orthogonal base class?

79.What is a container class? What are the types of container classes?

80.What is a protocol class?

81.What is a mixin class?

82.What is a concrete class?

83.What is the handle class?

84.What is an action class?

85.When can you tell that a memory leak will occur?

86What is a parameterized type?

87.Differentiate between a deep copy and a shallow copy?

88.What is an opaque pointer?

89.What is a smart pointer?

90.What is reflexive association?

91.What is slicing?

92.What is name mangling?

93.What are proxy objects?

94.What is cloning?

95.Describe the main characteristics of static functions.

96.Will the inline function be compiled as the inline function always? Justify.

97.Define a way other than using the keyword inline to make a function inline.

98.How can a '::' operator be used as unary operator?

99.What is placement new?

100.What do you mean by analysis and design?

101.What are the steps involved in designing?

102.What are the main underlying concepts of object orientation?

103.What do u meant by "SBI" of an object?

104.Differentiate persistent & non-persistent objects?

105.What do you meant by active and passive objects?

106.What is meant by software development method?

107.What do you meant by static and dynamic modeling?

108.How to represent the interaction between the modeling elements?

109.Why generalization is very strong?

110.Differentiate Aggregation and containment?

111.Can link and Association applied interchangeably?

112.What is meant by "method-wars"?

113.Whether unified method and unified modeling language are same or different?

114.Who were the three famous amigos and what was their contribution to the object community?

115.Differentiate the class representation of Booch, Rumbaugh and UML?

116.What is an USECASE? Why it is needed?

117.Who is an Actor?

118.What is guard condition?

119.Differentiate the following notations?

초심으로 돌아가기...

2009-11-10T23:35:00.000+09:00

요즘 다시 초심으로 돌아가자는 맘이 들어서 새로 구입한 책들...

기초는 아무리 강조해도 지나치지 않는것 같다..

1. 원리를 일깨우는 c++ 프로그래밍

2. 프로그래밍 면접 이렇게 준비한다.

블로그 이사 준비....

2009-11-10T11:07:00.000+09:00

티스토리의 블로그를 이곳으로 이사할까 한다....

조금씩 정리하면서 이사해야지...